Gross Potential Rent (GPR)
Total monthly revenue if all rooms are occupied at full rate with zero vacancy. This is the ceiling — actual collections will always be lower.
Effective Rent
GPR adjusted for occupancy. At 90% occupancy on a 6-room property you expect 5.4 rooms worth of rent per month on average. This is the realistic income base for all further calculations.
NOI — Net Operating Income
Effective rent minus operating expenses, before debt service and before CapEx. NOI measures the property's income-producing ability independent of financing. A healthy coliving NOI should comfortably cover PITI with margin left over.
Cash Flow
Money left after all expenses: operating costs, PITI, and CapEx reserve. Formula: NOI − PITI − CapEx reserve. This is the number that determines whether the deal is worth operating.
Turnover Reserve
A percentage of effective rent set aside for the cost of each room turn — cleaning, paint touch-up, minor repairs, and re-leasing time. Coliving has higher turnover than standard rentals. Budget 5–8% minimum.
CapEx Reserve
Capital expenditure reserve for large periodic expenses: roof, HVAC, appliances, flooring. Calculated as a % of gross potential rent (not effective rent) so it stays funded regardless of vacancy. Skipping this creates a hidden liability.
Break-Even Occupancy
The minimum occupancy percentage needed for cash flow to equal zero — covering all operating costs, PITI, and CapEx. If break-even is 85%, you need at least 85% occupancy just to not lose money.
Return on Capital
Annual cash flow divided by total cash deployed (down payment + setup costs). More honest than return on down payment alone because it accounts for the real investment required to get the property operational.
PITI
Principal + Interest + Taxes + Insurance (plus escrow and HOA where applicable). The fixed monthly housing payment that continues regardless of occupancy. This is the most dangerous expense in coliving — it cannot be negotiated down when rooms sit empty.
Occupancy vs. Vacancy Reserve
This analyzer uses occupancy % as the single vacancy adjustment. Setting 90% occupancy means 10% of potential income is lost to vacancy. Do not also add a separate vacancy reserve — that would count the same loss twice.